Asalin Kirsimeti: Labari Mai Faɗin Shekaru Dubu Na Haɗakar Al'adu

Yayin da watan Disamba ya iso, biliyoyin mutane a duk duniya suna nutsewa cikin yanayin bikin Kirsimeti—haske masu walƙiya, bishiyoyi masu ado, waƙoƙin farin ciki, da kuma tsammanin bayar da kyauta. Duk da haka, tushen tarihi na wannan bikin "farin ciki ga duniya" ya fi rikitarwa da ban sha'awa fiye da yadda mutane da yawa suka sani. Juyin Halittar Kirsimeti babban labari ne da ya shafi al'adu, addini, da tarihi, wanda ya haɗa bukukuwan arna, tauhidin Kirista, al'adun gargajiya, da wayewar kasuwanci ta zamani.

1. Sirrin Kwanan Wata: Me Yasa Za A Yi Ranar 25 ga Disamba?

Tambaya mai mahimmanci kuma mai ban sha'awa ita ce: me yasa ake bikin haihuwar Yesu a ranar 25 ga Disamba? Sabon Alkawari bai ƙayyade ainihin ranar haihuwar Yesu ba. Masana tarihi da masana tauhidi sun yarda cewa Cocin farko ta zaɓi wannan ranar don tarawa da kuma canza wasu manyan bukukuwan arna da suka shahara a Daular Romawa.

Babban bikin da ya dace shi ne "Dies Natalis Solis Invicti" (Haihuwar Rana Ba Tare Da Cin Nasara Ba). A kalandar Julian, 25 ga Disamba ya faɗi jim kaɗan bayan lokacin hunturu, yana nuna dawowar kwanaki masu tsawo da ƙarfin rana. Sarki Aurelian ya kafa wannan bikin a hukumance a shekara ta 274 AD don bauta wa allahn rana Sol. Ta hanyar sanya ranar a wannan ranar don bikin haihuwar Yesu, wanda suka kira "Rana ta Adalci," Cocin farko ya cika ranar da babban alama: ainihin "Hasken Duniya" ya zo, yana maye gurbin bautar rana ta arna.

A lokaci guda, bikin Saturnalia na Romawa, wanda ya kasance daga 17 zuwa 23 ga Disamba, ya ba da gudummawar kwayar halittar farin ciki ga Kirsimeti. A wannan lokacin, an canza tsarin zamantakewa na ɗan lokaci: bayi za su iya cin abinci tare da iyayengijinsu, mutane za su yi musayar kyaututtuka, su yi biki, su kunna kyandirori, da kuma yin biki gaba ɗaya. Daga baya an haɗa waɗannan abubuwan cikin bukukuwan Kirsimeti.

2. Daga Bikin Addini zuwa Bikin Karni na Tsakiya

Bayan da Cocin Roma ta kafa ta a hukumance a kusan karni na 4, bukukuwan Kirsimeti a tsakiyar Turai, musamman a Tsibirin Burtaniya, a hankali suka zama masu girma da... masu hayaniya. Ba wai kawai hutun addini ba ne, amma lokacin bukukuwan zamantakewa na kwanaki goma sha biyu (daga 25 ga Disamba zuwa 6 ga Janairu, Epiphany).

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun al'adunta shine zaɓen "Ubangijin Rashin Mulki" ko "Abbot na Rashin Hankali." A wannan lokacin, talakawa za su iya taka rawar sarakuna, yayin da aka dakatar da ikon mallaka na ɗan lokaci, cike da izgili da rugujewa. Biki, shan giya, faretin wasanni, da wasannin kwaikwayo daban-daban sun cika tituna. Wannan nau'in biki ya zama abin duniya da rudani har ya jawo adawa mai ƙarfi daga Puritans.

3. Haramta Puritan da Sake Kirkirar Victorian

A ƙarni na 17, 'yan Puritan a Ingila da yankunan Arewacin Amurka sun ɗauki Kirsimeti a matsayin wanda ba shi da tushe a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki kuma sun ɗauki bikinsa a matsayin gurɓataccen abu, ɓarna, da kuma asalin arna. A lokacin mulkin Cromwell, an hana yin bikin Kirsimeti na ɗan lokaci a Ingila. A yankin Massachusetts Bay, yin bikin Kirsimeti ma haramun ne daga 1659 zuwa 1681.

Hoton Kirsimeti na zamani yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Birtaniya ta zamanin Victoria (ƙarni na 19). A wannan lokacin, manyan mutane biyu da kuma wani aikin adabi sun sake fasalta Kirsimeti:

• Yarima Albert: Ya gabatar da al'adar Jamus ta ƙawata bishiyoyin Kirsimeti ga dangin sarautar Birtaniya, wanda ya zama abin sha'awa a ƙasa bayan rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai.
• Charles Dickens: Littafinsa na 1843Kirsimeti Carolya yaɗa ruhin "taron iyali," "sadaka da kyautatawa," "raba karimci," da "fatalwowi na hutu." Littafin ya yi nasarar sake fasalin Kirsimeti daga bikin jama'a zuwa hutu mai dumi, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan iyali, cike da tausayi da tunani mai kyau.
• A halin yanzu, ci gaban da aka samu a fasahar buga littattafai daga juyin juya halin masana'antu ya yaɗa katin Kirsimeti, wanda hakan ya ƙara ƙarfafa aikin bikin na isar da albarka da tunawa.

4. Tatsuniyar "Hanyar Haɗaka" ta Santa Claus

Santa Claus na zamani—mutumin da ke sanye da kaya ja da fari wanda ke isar da kyaututtuka ta hanyar jirgin ruwa mai jan barewa da bututun hayaki—samfuri ne na gargajiya na "haɗakar al'adu."

• Misalin sa shine Saint Nicholas, wani bishop na ƙarni na 4 daga Asiya Ƙaramar ƙasa wanda aka san shi da bayar da kyauta a ɓoye.
• Baƙi 'yan ƙasar Holland sun kawo siffarsu ta "Sinterklaas" zuwa New Amsterdam (yanzu New York), kuma sunansa ya koma "Santa Claus".
• Waƙar mawaƙin ƙarni na 19 Clement Clarke Moore"Ziyarar St. Nicholas"(wanda kuma aka sanikamar yadda 'Twas the Night Before Christmas') sun ƙara bayanai kamar barewa, abin hawa, da kuma shiga ta cikin bututun hayaƙi.
• A ƙarshe, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Thomas Nast, ta hanyar jerin zane-zane daga shekarun 1860 zuwa 1880, ya gyara kamannin Santa na zamani: mai kiba, mai farin gemu, kuma yana zaune a Arewacin Pole.
• Jerin tallace-tallacen da Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya yi a shekarun 1930, wanda mai zane Haddon Sundblom ya zana, sun ƙara daidaita hoton Santa mai launin ja da fari a duniya. Duk da cewa ba asalinsa ba ne, wannan kamfen ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa da kuma yaɗa salon da ya shahara a yanzu.

5. Bukukuwa Iri-iri a Duniya Mai Cike Da Duniya

A yau, Kirsimeti ya wuce asalin addininsa ya zama wani abu na al'adu na duniya, yana haɓaka al'adu na musamman a duk duniya:

• A Japan, Kirsimeti yana kama da ranar soyayya ta masoya, kuma jin daɗin "Kirsimati Barrel" na KFC ya zama wata al'ada ta ƙasa ta musamman.
• A ƙasar Sweden, mutane suna gina wani babban bambaro mai suna "Gävle Goat," wanda galibi masu wasa ke ƙoƙarin ƙona shi.
• A Venezuela, a ranar Kirsimeti, mazauna ƙasar kan yi wasan tsere kan kankara zuwa coci don ibada.
• A ƙasar Philippines, suna alfahari da lokacin Kirsimeti mafi tsawo a duniya, wanda ya fara daga Satumba zuwa Janairu.

Kammalawa

Tun daga bukukuwan hunturu na zamanin Roma ta dā, zuwa ga shagulgulan rikice-rikice na Tsakiyar Zamani, zuwa ga ɗaukar dabi'un iyali a zamanin Victorian, da kuma zuwa ga hada kasuwanci da ɗumi na bukukuwa na yau da kullun, tarihin Kirsimeti labari ne mai haske game da daidaitawa da haɗakar wayewa. Yana tunatar da mu cewa al'adu ba sa tsayawa amma suna samun kuzari mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ci gaba da sha, canji, da kirkire-kirkire. Lokacin da muka kunna fitilun bishiyar Kirsimeti a yau, ba wai kawai muna haɗuwa da ɗumin iyali ba har ma da kogi mai haske, wanda ya mamaye dubban shekaru, wanda aka samar ta hanyar haɗuwar al'adu marasa adadi da motsin zuciyar ɗan adam.